Psoriasis Australia

Causes and Triggers

While the exact cause of psoriasis remains elusive, research has identified a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors that contribute to its development.

The cause of psoriasis is not yet fulled understood

While the exact cause of psoriasis remains elusive, research has identified a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors that contribute to its development.

Genetics

Genetics play a crucial role in the development of psoriasis. Understanding the genetic factors involved can help elucidate why some people are more susceptible to psoriasis than others. 

One of the most significant factors in the development of psoriasis is genetics. Studies have shown that psoriasis tends to run in families, indicating a strong genetic predisposition. Specific genes associated with the immune system, such as HLA-Cw6, have been linked to psoriasis, particularly the most common form, plaque psoriasis. Research suggests that up to 10% of the general population may carry genes associated with psoriasis, but only 2-3% develop the condition. This indicates that genetics alone are not sufficient to trigger psoriasis; environmental or other factors must also play a role .

Immune System Dysregulation

Psoriasis is widely recognized as an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells. In psoriasis, T cells, a type of white blood cell, become overactive. These T cells mistakenly target the skin cells, causing an accelerated production cycle over a period of 3-4 days, instead of the usual 28-30 days . The cells pile up on the skin’s surface, forming the characteristic plaques of psoriasis. This immune response is believed to be triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors . 

Environmental Triggers

While genetics and the immune system play central roles, various environmental factors can trigger or exacerbate psoriasis in individuals predisposed to the condition. Common triggers include:

  • Stress: Emotional stress can exacerbate psoriasis by triggering an immune response that leads to flare-ups. Chronic stress may also contribute to the persistence of symptoms.
  • Infections: Bacterial and viral infections, particularly streptococcal throat infections, have been linked to the onset of guttate psoriasis, a type of psoriasis that appears as small, dot-like lesions.
  • Skin Injury: Known as the Koebner phenomenon, injuries to the skin such as cuts, burns, or insect bites can lead to the development of psoriasis lesions at the site of trauma.
  • Weather: Cold, dry weather can exacerbate psoriasis, while some people find that warm, sunny weather improves their symptoms.
  • Medications: Certain medications, including beta-blockers, lithium, and antimalarial drugs, have been known to trigger or worsen psoriasis symptoms .

Lifestyle and Dietary Factors

While the direct impact of diet on psoriasis is still under investigation, some evidence suggests that lifestyle choices may influence the severity and frequency of flare-ups. Obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption have been associated with a higher risk of psoriasis or worsening of symptoms. In addition, certain dietary changes, such as reducing the intake of inflammatory foods like red meat and processed sugars, may help manage symptoms, although more research is needed in this area .

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations can also play a role in the onset or exacerbation of psoriasis. Many individuals report their first flare-up occurring during puberty or menopause, suggesting a link between hormonal changes and the development of psoriasis. Additionally, some women experience changes in their psoriasis symptoms during pregnancy .